Reciprocating motor.



H. J. MURRAY. RECIPROCATING MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. Is. 1914.

Patented June 4, 1918.

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I the conductor.

HOWARD J. IUBBAY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

BECIPBOCATING MOTOR.

Specification of Patent.

Patented June 4 1918.

Application filed September 15, 1914. Serial Io. 861,807.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Howann J. Moan! a citizen of the United States, andresident of the borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State ofNew York, have mvented certain new and useful Improvements inReciprocating Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an electromagnetic reciprocating motor in theform of a multiple armature magnet and while the invention is of generalapplication, the embodiment thereof herein described isparticularlydesigned for use, in connection with a gear shifting orsimilar mechanism of the type which depends for its operation upon thethrow of controlling members.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a simple form ofelectrically energized motor designed to move a reciprocat ing member atwill, in either ofits directions of movement with the least expenditureof energy and collateral to this is the providing of such a motorsubstantially free from mechanically actuated parts and thedisadvantages incidental thereto.

In attaining this object, I utilize the principleunderlyin the nerationof force in a freely movab e con uctor disposed in an electroma et-icfield of force and positioned transverse y of-the lines of force thereofwhen an electric current is passed through One means by which this forcemay be obtained is to arra a pair of magnets for creating two para ellydisposed and spaced apart fields of magnetic force and by mounting, forreciprocal movement relative to said fields, a pair of uniplanarly woundarmatures disposed between the poles of said magnets and to so arrangethe windings that a'sing a current through either armature w cause thesame to move in one of its reciprocatory directions of.

movement for a prescribed distance.

Among the other objects of the invention are to provide a. means forautomatically breaking the circuit through any of the armatures when thesame has moved into a preset position and to provide means forautomatically locking the armature in its preset positlon.

An object incidental to the embodiment of the invention illustrated isto provide a safet control device for use with motor vehic e drivingmechanisms which device is designed to return parts thereof to theirnormal inoperative osition in case of accident or the failure 0 thesource of operative power and is particularly designed to prevent, anyactuation of the gear shiftin mechanism while a controlling switch, sucas the clutch connecting the motive power with the driving mechanism, isin its operative position.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will be in partobvious from an inspection of the accompanying drawings and in part willbe more fully set forth in the following particular description of oneform of mechanism embodying my invention, and the invention alsoconsists in certain new and novel features of construction andcombination of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of my invention with the casingcover removed and end parts broken away for convenience;

mechanism but it will be obvious bile the device may be mounted in anydesix-able location on the vehicle and is inclosed within a suitablecasing 1, preferably made'of aluminum and inclu able side cover 2aflixed thereto, with devices of this character.

a removas 18 usual The smallest possible space as it is desirable tofill all open spaces therein with some form of insulating packing. I

The mechamsm for nerating a pair of parallel spaced apart fizlds ofvelectromagnetic fields of force is positioned in the easing andpreferably is formed of a pair of horse-shoe magnets 3 and 4 disposededgewise on their sides and made up of laminated strips fastenedtogether and fixed to the casin by bolts 5. The ma ets are energized tough the medium 0 field windings 6 and 7 which are wound in opposite isdesigned to contain the mechanism in the block thereby to form, of

and

directions about their crotches and connected by a conductor 8 so thatthe adjacent ends of the magnets on one side of the armature,hereinafter described, have opposite polarity as indicated by thesymbols S and N.

A pair of parallelly disposed armatures 9 and 10 are mounted forreciprocatory movement transversely of the fields of force and betweenthe poles of the magnets. Each armature is formed of an open sidedelongated box it preferably square in cross-section and having amagnetic insulating block 12 preferably made of aluminum or brassextending between and bracing the opposite longitudinal sides relativeto each other at the center thereof. Gear shiftin rods l3 and it projectfrom opposite en's of each box, and extend through bossed openings T5 inthe ends of the casing to support and guide the armatures in theirreciprocatory movements.

The armatures are maintained in their centrally disposed position bybalanced springs 16 and 17 positioned on each of the rods 13 and itbetween the ends of the casing and each of the bones l1.

Each box preferably contains a core of laminated plates 18 which preventthe fiun in the armature from saturating any particular section thereof.Each core is provided with two parallel rows of perforations 19extending therethrough in a direction transversely to the lines of forcebetween the poles of the magnets. A conductor fornr ing an inductor 20enters the armature 9 at one end of one of the rows, passes thecentrally disposed spacing block 12 and is threaded through the firstperforation therebeyond, is looped back upon itself .to the firstperforation on the opposite side ofthe block and then back to the secondaperture and is thus looped alternatively through the succeedingperforations outwardly of the each core, a uniplanarly Wound armature.The. conductor may then be brought back to the beginning of the next rowof perforations and this second row; wound as the previously describedrow, thus forming two-planes of windings but it is obvious that anynumber. of these planes of windings may be formed in each armature. Aconductor 21 is similarly wound through the other armature 10 in thesame manner. Tn case only one field is used the armature is preferablywound in a manner such as hasibeen do scribed first abouta centeradjacent one end of the armature and then wound in a reverse directionaboutacenter adjacent the other end so that the currents flowing in thewindings will always be in the same direction 'within the outlinesof thearmature whereby the hold will act onthe armature for-the length of thesame. g v a, The ads 13 and it maybe so arrangedifrom movement undertension v mechanism such as "through one :of the neonate and connectedto the conventional transmission box, (not shown, but commonly found onautomobiles) that the movement of each rod in either directionlongitudinally will connect a set of gears so that the two rods in thedevice illustrated may control four speeds, such as three speedsforward, and one reverse. Each armature is locked in its shiftedposition in either direction by'a suitable clutch and forthis purpose alocking plate 22 having a centrally disposed transverse slot 22' isfixed to the underside of eac armature and the slot of one or the otherplates is engaged by the plunger armature 23 of a locking electromagnet24 which is contained in a shell 25 forming part of the casing andpositioned centrally eside the armatures between the magnets.

The armature of the magnet 24 is normally held in retracted position outof engagement with the plate by means of a coiled spring 26 hearing onthe locking magnet and a head 27 on the plunger armature. The lockingmagnet is so wound that energizing the same will cause the armaturethereof to move into engagement with the plate and to hold the armaturein shifted position by engaging the end of the plate of the springs 16and 17. On moving into its locking position the armature 23vis caused tobreak the circuit through the field magnets and their armatures and forthis purpose a two point circuit breaker 28 of any suitable form ismounted in the shell 28 in position to be actuated by the movement ofthe head 27.

The supply of current to the field coils of the magnet, to the armaturesand to the locking electromagnet is controlled by a switch 29 which maybe mounted on top of the steering wheel of the vehicle or in any otherconvenient position.

I A suitable source of electric power 30 is connected through aswitch 31to a two blade lever 32 constituting the hand con trol of the switch 29,which lever is pivoted at one end '33 for universal movement. A pair ofparallel segmental contact plates 34 and 35 are disposed concentricallyof the pivoted end of the lever and constitutes a continuationrespectively of the. conductors 36 and 37 leading from, the source 30.An arcuate line'of contacts, in the diagrammatic view shown to be twelvein number, ar-

and lettered progressively ranged in pairs, from a to Z, is disposed tothe outside of the plates 34 and 35.

One set of contacts is and 1 may be con nected toan electric starter andanother set g and klllfly be connected to some other an electricallyenergized braking device.

A field circuit is provided, which includes conductor 38' leading fromthe plate 35 points of. the circuit clutch on automobile drivingmechanism' and so arranged that the circuit is broken when the clutch isin. The conductor 42 contains the other pointof the circuit breaker 28and leads to a shunt 42 from which the current passes through thearmatures 9 and 10 from oneof which armatures (as 9) the conductor 20leads back to the switch and is connected to the contacts 6 and 0thereof. The conductor 21 leads from the other armature 10 back to theswitch and is connected to the contacts e and j.

The lever 32 has a pair of spring contacts 44 and 45 insulated from eachother and adapted to bear on the plates 34 and 35 respectively when thelever is held between any pair of the lettered contacts.

These conductors are preferably contained in a cable 46 leading from theswitch '29 to.

In this case the current from the source 30- will pass through the lever32 to the contacts k and l and directlv to the starter. The lever wouldthen be lifted into a raised position to clear the line of contacts androtated to engage one of the sets of speed controlling contacts. Forinstance, should it be desired to run on first speed therlever could bemoved into 'tion to engage and be held by the resilient contacts 0 andf. This positioning of the lever would connect the plates 34 and 35 withthe source .of energy and a field circuit would be completed from plate34 through conductor 39, the field windings of each of the -magnets,through one of the points of the circuit breaker 28, through conductor38, lever 32 to plate 35 and the source of energy. At the same time anarmature circuit is shunted from contact 0 through the conductor 21,armature 10, the other point of the circuit breaker 28, the clutchcontrolled member 43 and conductor 42 to contact This connection willcause each of the magnets to form a field of force and the windingsare'arranged so that the lines of force therein will be opposite indirection. The windings in the armature are so arranged that there willbe a reaction between one end of the armature and the adjacent field anda reaction between the other end of the armature and its adjacent field,both forces coacting to move the armature in one direction and thusadvance one of the rods 13 or 14 into position to move the gears intomesh on the first The shunted circuit through the locking magnet 24 willcause the plunger armature 23 to move into engagement with the lockingplate 22 and to project farther against the tension of the spring 26 asthe plate passes the armature. This further movementof the lockingarmature adjacent the end of the travel of the armature 10 will causethe circuit to be broken through the armature and through the magnetsbut the circuit will be maintained through the locking magnet as long asthe lever is in engagement with a pair of contacts. Deenergizing thefields and armature 10 will bring the armature to a stop in its shiftedposition and the armature will be locked in this position as long ascurrent is flowing through the magnet Liftin the switch lever out ofengagement Wlfil the contacts 0 and f denergizes the locking magnetpermitting the spring 26 to withdraw the armature from its lockingposition and permitting one of the springs 16 or 17 to return thearmature 10 to its centered neutral position. It will be noted that thisoccurs whenever the switch lever is raised from any one of its positionsso that when passing from one speed to another all parts of the gearshifting mechanism are in their normal inoperative posi tions. 7

From this specific tracing of one of the sets of circuits. it will beobvious from following the diagram of Fig. 4 that each .of the rods maybe shifted longitudinally in either direction by making the propercontact with the switch lever. It will be noted for instance thatbringing the lever into engagement with the contacts 1' and j will causethe current to be reversed through the armature 10 to draw this armaturein a reverse direction to obtain for instance a reverse speed.

By means of a device of this character, I am enabled to provide asim laand compact mechanism for controlling t e different operating parts ofmachines to which a device of this character is applicable and toprovide an arrangement whereby relatively smallmagnets may be used toshift machine parts of relatively large/mass. The device may beeconomically 0 rated for the current is shut of from the eld magnet andarmature automatically as soon as the armature has completed its worlr,audit is obvious that the looming magnet may he so wound as to requirehut little current to maintain the magnetic clutch in its operativelycircuit hrealring and loclred position.

The mechanism descrihed is intended generally for use as a safety deviceon self propelled vehicles and with this ohject primarily in view theparts are so arra ed that in case of any accident to the men anism thediderent parts are automatically and promptly returned to their initialinoperative position and in this way the possibility of running themachine without ahsolute control is eliminated. hhould anything go wrongthe vehicle would merely stop.

As the control switch lever can he in hut one position at a time, itwill he seen that it is impossihle to make improper connections, Forinstance, when the circuit is completed through the self starter, thegears are in their normal inoperative position and the transmission willhe inoperative until the lever is moved into a position to positivelybring the gears of the transmission into mesh. Also the gears areunmeshed whenever the lever is being moved from the con tactscontrolling one speed to the contacts controlling another oi" thespeeds, so that irrespective as to the numher of shift rods employed,hut one part can he in connecting position at a time.

it is obvious that a preselected arrangement of the gears or othermechanism actuated by this device may he attained while the device isinactive hy shifting the lever 32 into engagement with the desired pairof lettered contacts while the clutch controlling the switch 43 is out,Completing the circuit through the several parts hy throwing in theclutch, will cause the device to actuate under the pro-selectedcondition of the several parts.

While I have shown and descrihed and have pointed out in the amenedclaims certain novel features of my invention it will he understoodvarious changes in the form and details of the device ildustrated, suchas providing separate looting means either electrical or mechanical foreach mature, multiplying the numher or armatures and their actuatedmechanism or providing a series arrangement of shunt arrangement may hemade. is also ohvious that various other changes, omissions andsuhstitutions in the particular form of the invention illustrated and inits operation may he made by those slnilled in the art without departingfrom the spirit of theinvention,

Having my inventiom l A gear shifting device comprising a casing, a pairof parallelly disposed horseinoa aaa shoe magnets mounted in saidcasing, wind- 7 mgs on said magnets arranged to to electromagneticfields of force with oppositely disposed polarity, a pair or aaturesextending hetvveen the poles of said magnets, rods extending from saidarmatures through said casing, mounting the armatures for reciprocatorymovement relative to the fields of force, each armature having auniplanar winding extendi transversely of the lines in theelectromagnetic fields of force, an electrically actuated lockingmechanism for holding either armature at the limit of its movement ineither reciprocatory direction and selective means for completing acircuit through said locking mechanism, through said magnet windings andthnough the windings of either or said armatures.

2. ,A gear shifting device comprising a casing, a pair of parallellydisposed horseshoe magnets mounted in said casing, Windings on saidmagnets arranged to form electromagnetic fields of force with oppositelydisposed polarity, a pair of armatures extending between the poles orsaid magnets, rods extending from said armatures through said casingmounting the armatures for reciprocatory movement relative to the fieldsforce, an electrically actuated loclring mechanism for holding eitherarmature at the limit or its movement in either reciprocatory direction,selective means for completing a circuit through said locking mechanismthrough said magnet windings and through thewindings of either of saidarmatures and a circuit hrealrer coacting with said locking mechanismfor interrupting the circuit through said windings.

3. A gear shitting device comprising a casing, a pair of parallellydisposed horseshoe magnets mounted in said casing, windings on saidmagnets arranged to form electromagnetic fields or force with oppositelydisposed polarity, a pair of armatures extending hetween the poles ofsaid magnets, rods extending from said armatures through said casingmounting the armatures for reciprocatory movement relative to the fieldsor force, an electrically actuated locking mmhanism for holding eitherthe limit or its movement in reciprocatory direction, selective forcompleting a circuit through said locldng mechanism, through said magnetwind ngs and through the windings of either of said amoatures, circuithrealrer coacting with said locking mechanism for interrupting thecircuit through said windand manually actuated means for interruptingthe circuit through said loclring a device or the class descrihed, thecomhination with a of spaced apart mechanisms each capahle of generatingan electromagnetic held or force parallel to Mill llll

each other, a pair of armatures disposed in parallelism and each formingpart of an electric circuit and mounted or reciprocatory movementbetween and into said fields transversely of their lines of force andselective means for closing either circuit to cause at will a movementof either armature.

5. In a device of the class described, the combination with anelectrically energized mechanism capable of generating a relativelystationary electromagnetic field of force, of an armature mounted forreciprocatory movement centrally across said field, said armature beingwound with certain of its coils disposed in a plane parallel to the lineof movement of the armature and disposed to cross the lines of force andcooperatively arranged relative to said field whereby the armature willbe moved in one direction when a current is passed therethrou h, and asource of electric energy connec directlywith said armature.

' 5. In a device of the class described, the combination with anelectrically energized mechanism capable of generating a relativelystationary electromagnetic field of force, of an armature mounted forreciprocatory movement in said field, said armature being wound withcertain of its coils disposed to cross the lines of force andcooperatively arranged relative to said field whereby the armature willbe moved in one direction when a current is passed therethrough, acircuit breaker, and an electromagnet oper-.

. atively connected'to the circuit breaker for automaticallyintercepting the current therethrou h and through-the mechanism.

7. 51 a device of the class described, the combination with anelectrically energized mechanism capable of generating a relativelystationary electromagnetic field of force, of an armature mounted forreciprocatory movement in said field, said armature being wound withcertain of its coils disposed to cross the lines of force andcooperatively arranged relative to said field whereby the armature willbe moved in one direction when a current is passed therethrough, acircuit breaker actuated by the movement of said armature into a presetposition for automatically intercepting the'current there-' themechanism, and a through and through -locking means for 01 said armaturein under the influence of. the m place after it has mov a presetdistance etic field and the lines of force'generated y the current Vthrou hsaid armature.

8. n a device of the class described, the combination with a pair ofmechanisms, each capable of generating'a' field of force, the

with an'electric conductor disposed in planes.

perpendicular to the fields and means for passing a current through saidconductor.

9. In a device of the class described, the combination with a horse-shoemagnet, of a pair of armatures disposed between the poles of the magnetand movable longitudinally across the lines of force thereof, each ofsaid armatures including an electric conductor disposed in parallelplanes, means for directing the current through one of the conductors inone direction and through the other conductor in the opposite directionand means for controlling said currents.

10. In a device of the class described, the combination with ahorse-shoe magnet, of an armature disposed between the poles of themagnet and movable longitudinally across the field of force thereof,said armature including an electric conductor arranged in a coil whichis disposed in a plane longitudinally of the armature and perpendicularto the field of force.

11. In a' device of the class described, the combination of a pair ofspaced apart horseshoe magnets arranged with their fields of forceparallel to each other, an armature disposed between the oles of themagnets and movable transverse y of the fields, the magnets havingopposite polarity on each side of the armature and said armature havingwindings extending from one field to the other when the armature is innormal position.

12. In a device of the clas described, the combination of a fieldmagnet, a wound armature mounted for reciprocatory movement andoperatively placed relative to said field magnet whereby passing anelectric'current through said magnet 'and armature will cause thearmature to move relative to "the magnet in one of its longitudinaldirections and a manually actuated selective switch designed to be movedat will from an inoperative position into an actively disposed position'for regulating the current through sald magnet and armature 'to controlthe direction of movement of the armature.

13. In a device of the class described, the combination of a fieldvmagnet, a wound armature mounted for reciprocatory movement andoperatively placed relative to said field magnet whereby pass' anelectric current through said magnet an armature will cause the armatureto move relative to the magnet in one of its longitudinal directions, aman- 14. In a device of the class described, the

combination of a pair of puallelly disposed electro-magnets with theirpoles oppositely disposed, a wound armature mounted for reciprocatorymovement and operatively placed relative to said magnets so that passingan electric current through the magnets and armature will cause themagnets to react on opposite ends of the armature thereby to move saidarmature in one of its reciprocatory directions, and means for lockingsaid iltl armature in shifted position.

15. In a device of the class described, the combination of a pair ofparallelly disposed electro-magnets with their poles oppositelydisposed, a wound armature mounted for reciprocatory movement andoperatively placed relative to said magnets that passing an electriccurrent through the magnets and armature will cause one magnet toattract and the other to repel the armature in one of its reciprocatorydirections and means operatively controlled by said armature at thelimit of its movement to cause said armature to stop its movement.

16. In a device of the class described the combination with an electromanetic field of force, an armature operative y mounted forreciprooatorymovement in said field a loc member carried by saidarmature an electrically actuated clutch member for engaging said memberat the limit of travel of the armature in one direction to lock the samein position and means acting on said clutch to' move the same intoinoperative position when said clutch member. is deener- 17. Agearshifting device comprising a casing, a pair of parallelly disposedhorseshoe magnets mounted in said casing, windings on said magnetsarranged to form electromagnetic fields of force with oppositelydisposed polarity, a pair of armatures extending between the poles ofsaid magnets,

rods exten from said armatures through said cas g mounting the armaturesfor reciprocatory movement relative to the fields 4 anism, a lockingweapon of force, each armature having a uniplanar winding extendingtransversely of the lines in the electromagnetic fields of force, anelectrically actuated locking mechanism for holding either armature atthe limit of its movement in either reciprocatory direction, selectivemeans for completing a circuit through said locking mechanism, throughsaid magnet windings and through the windings of either of saidarmatures and resilient means acting on said armatures tending to returnthe same to their normal position when disengaged from the lockingmechanism.

18. In a device of the class described, the combination with anelectrically energized mechanism capable of generating a relativelystationary electromagnetic field of force, of an armature mounted forreciprocatory movement in said field, said armature being wound withcertain of its coils disposed to cross the lines of force and006peratively arranged relative to said field whereby the armature willbe moved in one direction when a current is passed therethrough, acircuit breaker actuated by the movement of said armature into a presetposition for automatically intercepting the current therethrough andthrough the mechmeans for holdin said armature in place after it hasmove a preset distance under the influence of the magnetic held and thelines of force generated by the current through said armature andresilient means acting on said armature tending to return the same toits initial position when disengaged from the locking means.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New Yorkthis twelve day of September A. D. 1914;.

HOWARD J. MURRAY.

M. E. MEBSHON, S. A. THORNTON.

